基于八叉树优化的MoM-PO/PTD混合算法分析目标电磁散射及辐射问题

在综合利用矩量法(method of moments, MoM)和物理光学(physical optics, PO)方法的过程中, 要精准识别和划分PO位置处于点光源照射情况下的暗区和亮区。传统的识别划分手段的时间复杂度为O(N²), 当面片数量N增多时, 所需的时间呈现出急剧增长的趋势。文中应用八叉树和后向追踪算法, 对PO亮区判断过程进行加速, 可将时间复杂度由N²降为NlgN。由于计算PO区域电流时没有考虑边缘绕射造成的影响, 导致计算误差较大。鉴于此, 本文在计算过程中引入物理绕射理论对混合算法加以改进, 并通过与FEKO中的MoM相比较, 说明了修正后的混合算法能够有效提升计算精度。     

La$_{{1-x}}$Sr$_{x}$TiO$_{3}$ 薄膜的高通量 X 射线衍射

高通量材料合成方法和高通量材料表征手段区别于传统低效率的 "试错法"材料发展方法, 极大地加速了材料科学的变革和发展. 通过设计程序进行了高通量 X 射线衍射实验, 在保证数据分辨率条件下, 高效地表征了 La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$TiO$_{3}$ 薄膜上多个数据位点的晶体结构, 验证了其成分的连续变化性质, 为后续开展更多类型的高通量 X 射线衍射实验提供了指导.     

Role of humidity on the structures and properties of regenerated silk fibers

Silk fiber was processed from highly concentrated spinning dope to solid fibers along with water removal. To understand the mechanism of water removal during silk fiber spinning process, a microfluidic chip was designed and applied to investigate the structures and mechanical properties of two kinds of regenerated silk fibroin fibers dry-spun at different relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the diameters of the fibers spun at 40% RH are always larger than the fibers spun at 50% RH due to different removal rates of water. The fibers spun at low humidity contain more β-sheet structure and lower degree of chain orientation and crystalline orientation. These results indicate that the fast phase transition of silk fibroin from sol–gel to silk fiber undergoes with rapid water removal and higher fiber orientation relates to more residue water and drawing force.     

基于三导向条结构的枪钻深孔加工动力学分析及圆度误差优化

为了改善深孔加工的圆度形貌,依据枪钻深孔结构与加工中的实际受力情况,结合导向块对提高孔加工圆度形貌所起到的作用,设计出具有三个导向块的优化结构。在保证计算精度的前提下,通过有限元分析法及力学模型的特征矩阵推算出深孔加工过程中出现圆度误差的数学表达,并通过数值仿真分析与实验研究,对比分析了两导向块结构和三导向块结构枪钻在相同的加工条件下圆度误差形成的情况。计算结果表明,三导向块结构的枪钻加工孔的圆度误差更小。可见,三导向块结构可以有效降低圆度形貌变形的出现,提高加工质量。     

Coincidence and reproducibility in the EHT black hole experiment

This paper discusses some philosophical aspects related to the recent publication of the experimental results of the 2017 black hole experiment, namely the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. In this paper I present a philosophical analysis of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) black hole experiment. I first present Hacking's philosophy of experimentation. Hacking gives his taxonomy of elements of laboratory science and distinguishes a list of elements. I show that the EHT experiment conforms to major elements from Hacking's list. I then describe with the help of Galison's Philosophy of the Shadow how the EHT Collaboration created the famous black hole image. Galison outlines three stages for the reconstruction of the black hole image: Socio-Epistemology, Mechanical Objectivity, after which there is an additional Socio-Epistemology stage. I subsequently present my own interpretation of the reconstruction of the black hole image and I discuss model fitting to data. I suggest that the main method used by the EHT Collaboration to assure trust in the results of the EHT experiment is what philosophers call the Argument from Coincidence. I show that using this method for the above purpose is problematic. I present two versions of the Argument from Coincidence: Hacking's Coincidence and Cartwright's Reproducibility by which I analyse the EHT experiment. The same estimation of the mass of the black hole is reproduced in four different procedures. The EHT Collaboration concludes: the value we have converged upon is robust. I analyse the mass measurements of the black hole with the help of Cartwright's notion of robustness. I show that the EHT Collaboration construe Coincidence/Reproducibility as Technological Agnosticism and I contrast this interpretation with van Fraassen's scientific agnosticism.     

基于弹跳射线技术的三维GTD模型构建方法

传统的基于弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray, SBR)技术的散射中心提取方法只考虑了理想点模型, 但理想点模型无法描述散射中心的频率依赖特性。对此, 提出一种基于弹跳射线技术的三维几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction, GTD)模型构建方法, 在通过传统方法获取的理想点模型的基础上, 利用射线管数据正向推算散射中心的频率依赖参数并修正其径向位置, 实现了高精度三维GTD模型构建。仿真结果表明, 点频、单视角下构建的三维GTD模型不仅能准确重构相同条件下的雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS), 还能实现宽带RCS外推, 能够满足目标宽带散射数据高效压缩和快速重构的应用需求。     

低雷诺数下五圆柱绕流的数值模拟研究

基于四叉树自适应网格,采用有限体积法求解二维不可压粘性N-S方程,对X型排列和十字型排列的五圆柱绕流进行了模拟,计算均在Re=100的条件下进行.在文中给出了升力系数及阻力系数随圆柱间距比和排列方式变化的规律,并结合不同间距比下的流动特征进行了分析.计算结果表明,在不同的间距比下,五圆柱绕流存在三种不同的流动形式;在同一间距比下,十字型布置和X型布置的流动形式则既有类似之处又有各自的特点.在不同排列方式下,升阻力系数随圆柱间距比的变化规律有较大不同.     

衬底温度对铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜生长及其微结构性能的影响

以铝掺杂氧化锌(Zn O:Al)陶瓷靶作为溅射材料,采用RF磁控溅射技术,在玻璃衬底上制备了Zn O:Al半导体薄膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)测试研究了衬底温度对Zn O:Al薄膜生长特性及其微结构性能的影响.研究表明:衬底温度对薄膜生长和微结构均具有明显的影响;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜(002)晶面取向度和平均晶粒尺寸表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势,而半高宽、微应变和位错密度则呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势.当衬底温度为650 K时,Zn O:Al薄膜具有最高的(002)晶面取向度、最大的晶粒尺寸、最窄的半高宽、最低的微应变、最小的位错密度,其结晶性能和微结构性能最佳.     

非均匀圆环形薄膜的离散模型轴对称振动的定性性质

本文研究非均匀圆环形薄膜的微振动,由二阶中心差分格式导出了内外边界均任意支承的圆环形薄膜轴对称振动的差分离散模型,说明了该模型属于雅可比正系统,进而引出了该系统的振动定性性质。     

量子环中电子－空穴系统的准精确解析解

应用准精确解析求解的方法研究了一维量子环中的电子-空穴系统,得到环半径在一些离散的特殊取值的时候可解析地求得波函数和能量.结果显示,该系统的能级是二重简并的,分别为宇称的两个本征态,并且相同能量的属于不同宇称的波函数图像在坐标系右半边完全重合,而在左半边完全相反.